Cicada Mania

Dedicated to cicadas, the most amazing insects in the world.

January 30, 2022

What are cicadas?

Filed under: FAQs — Dan @ 1:02 pm

Magicicada septendecim
Magicicada septendecim aka 17-year Pharaoh Cicada.

Cicadas (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadidae) are insects, best known for the songs sung by most, but not all, male cicadas. Males sing by flexing their tymbals, which are drum-like organs found in their abdomens. Small muscles rapidly pull the tymbals in and out of shape. The cicada’s primarily hollow abdomen intensifies the sound.

tymbals
An illustration of cicada tymbals from C.L. Marlatt’s The Periodical Cicada. c shows the muscles and tendons connected to the tymbals, and d & e shows the bending of the tymbal.

Female and some male cicadas will also make a sound by flicking their wings, but it isn’t the same as the sound for which cicadas are known. Listen to some of the songs cicadas sing.

Cicadas belong to the order Hemiptera, suborder Auchenorrhyncha, superfamily Cicadoidea and families Cicadidae (the vast majority of cicadas) or Tettigarctidae (only two species). There are five subfamilies of Cicadidae: Derotettiginae, Tibicininae, Tettigomyiinae, Cicadettinae, and Cicadinae. Leafhoppers, spittlebugs, and jumping plant lice are close relatives of the cicada. Hemiptera is different from other insects in that both the nymph and adult forms have a beak (aka rostrum), which they use to suck fluids called xylem from plants. This is how they both eat and drink.

A feeding cicada.
A Magicicada drinking from a tree. Photo by Roy Troutman.

The body of a cicada is composed of a head, thorax & abdomen. The head features two antennae, two compound eyes, three simple eyes (ocelli), a clypeus that connects the beak to the head (the clypeus looks like the grill of a combustion vehicle). The thorax features two sets of wings (forewings & hindwings), six sets of legs, spiracles for breathing, opercula covering the tympana (“eardrums”), and in males of species that have them, tymbals & tymbal covers. The abdomen features tergites (dorsal) & sternites (ventral), more spiracles for breathing, and reproductive organs. Cicadidae and Tettigarctidae have major differences in anatomy, which you can learn about here.

The Latin root for the word for cicada is cicada. Cicadas are called semi in Japan, cigale in France, and cigarra in Spain. Names for cicadas in countries around the world. The pronunciation of the word cicada depends on your local dialect. You can say “si-Kah-da” or “si-kay-da”.

Cicada Life Cycle

Filed under: Life Cycle — Dan @ 12:57 pm

Cicada Life Cycle
Top row, left to right: cicada egg (Roy Troutman), freshly hatched nymph (Roy Troutman), second and third instar nymphs (Elias Bonaros). Bottom row, left to right: fourth instar nymph, teneral adult, adult. (Cicada Mania).

Cicadas begin life as a rice-shaped egg, which the female deposits in a groove she makes in a tree limb, using her ovipositor. The groove provides shelter and exposes the tree fluids, which the young cicadas feed on. These grooves can kill small branches. When the branches die and the leaves turn brown, it is called flagging.

Once the cicada hatches from the egg it will begin to feed on the tree fluids. At this point, it looks like a termite or a small white ant. Once the young cicada is ready, it crawls from the groove and falls to the ground where it will dig until it finds roots to feed on. It will typically start with smaller roots of grasses and work its way up to the roots of its host tree. The cicada will stay underground from 2 to 17 years depending on the species. Cicadas are active underground, tunneling, feeding, and not sleeping or hibernating as commonly thought. Cicadas go through multiple phases, called instars, while underground. Magicicada have five instars.

After the long 2 to 17 years, cicadas emerge from the ground as nymphs. Nymphs climb the nearest available vertical surface (usually a plant) and begin to shed their nymph exoskeleton. Free of their old skin, their wings will inflate with fluid (hemolymph) and their adult skin will harden (sclerotize). Once their new wings and body are ready, they can begin their brief adult life.

Adult cicadas, also called imagoes, spend their time in trees looking for a mate. Males sing (or otherwise vibrate the air or their surroundings), females respond, mating begins, and the cycle of life begins again.

How Many Species of Cicadas Are There?

Filed under: Genera — Dan @ 12:35 pm

There are over 190 varieties (including species & subspecies) of cicadas in North America, and over 3,390 varieties of cicadas around the world. This number grows each year as researchers discover and document new species. Cicadas exist on every continent but Antarctica.

The 3,390 comes from counting the species of cicadas mentioned in Allen Sanborn’s Catalogue of the Cicadoidea.

Cicadas were discovered and described in 2014, take a look at research since then published: 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, etc.

Different Types of Cicada Life Cycles

Filed under: Life Cycle — Dan @ 12:22 pm

There are three types of cicada life cycles:

Annual: Cicada species with annual life cycles emerge every year, for example, Swamp Cicadas (Neotibicen tibicen) emerge every year in the United States, and Green Grocers (Cyclochila australasiae) emerge every year in Australia.

Periodical: Cicadas species with periodical life cycles emerge together after long periods of time, for example, Magicicada septendecim will emerge every 17 years (Find out where they’ll emerge next). Magicicada periodical cicadas are organized into Broods, which correspond to the series of years in which they will emerge. Only periodical cicadas are organized by Roman-numeral Broods.

Protoperiodical: Cicada species with protoperiodical life cycles might emerge every year, but every so many years they emerge together in large numbers, like certain Okanagana depending on factors like proximity to other species and rainfall accumulations (Chatfield-Taylor 2020).

January 10, 2022

Meanwhile… Brood I

Filed under: Brood I | Periodical — Dan @ 9:44 pm

If you’re a Brood I cicada, you’re probably instar 4.

10 years ago meme (which is a thing in January of 2022):
10 year meme

November 30, 2021

Elena’s Cicada Song

Filed under: Music — Dan @ 6:12 am

Steve send us this video of his daughter Elena’s Cicada Song. I hope you enjoy it:

November 29, 2021

2021 Cicada Gift Guide

Filed under: Cicada Mania | Toys and Amusements — Dan @ 12:50 pm

No matter what you celebrate — Christmas, Hanukkah, birthdays, graduations, Treat Yourself Day — cicada-related items are a great gift! At the end of 2021, I’m sharing cicada gift-related ideas, here and on social media. Check back for more tips.

The Season of the Cicadas by Les Daniels

The Season of Cicadas is the best general book about North American cicadas in print.

A photo guide to common cicadas of the Greater Sydney region by Nathan Emery

This is the best book about cicadas found in Australia in print. Get it from this website.

A photo guide to common cicadas of the Greater Sydney region

Cicadas of New Zealand by Olly Hills

This is the only book about the cicadas of New Zealand that I know of. Get it from this website.

Cicadas of New Zealand

Headbone Brood X Notebook

Many will remember the Brood X cicada emergence. How about a souvenir of the emergence and a useful notebook? Check out headbone’s Brood X notebook.

Headbone

Sue Fink’s Cicada Suite

Sue Fink’s “Cicada Suite” features 2 songs about cicadas on an adorable cicada-shaped flash drive. Irresistible!

Sue Fink

Toy Cicadas

Toy plastic cicadas? Why not. It’s winter in the northern hemisphere, so these fake cicadas will have to do.

Periodical Cicadas: The Brood X Edition by Gene Kritsky

This is a good souvenir of the 2021 Brood X emergence.

Cicadas!: Strange and Wonderful by Laurence Pringle. This book is good for kids, well-illustrated, and covers annual cicadas so it’s good any year.

Cecily Cicada: 2021 Edition by Kita Helmetag Murdock and Patsy Helmetag

Cecily Cicada is a fictional story for kids about a cicada named Cecily. It is a perennial favorite.

Each day I’ll add more gift ideas here.

November 24, 2021

Cicada Research Published in 2021

Filed under: Papers and Documents — Dan @ 10:36 pm

This is a list of cicada-related research published in 2021.

More than 60 so far (12/24/2021). Email cicadamania@gmail.com with any more.

December

  1. Dandan, Wang & Huang, Zhi & Billen, Johan & Zhang, Guoyun & He, Hong & Wei, Cong. (2021). Complex co-evolutionary relationships between cicadas and their symbionts. Environmental Microbiology. 10.1111/1462-2920.15829. Link.
  2. Kritsky, Gene. (2021). One for the Books: The 2021 Emergence of the Periodical Cicada Brood X. American Entomologist. 67. 40-46. 10.1093/ae/tmab059. Link.
  3. Tomita, Kanji & Makoto, Kobayashi. (2021). Development of experimental mesocosms for cicada nymphs Graptopsaltria nigrofuscata: methodology and research recommendations. 93. 207-212. 10.25674/so93iss3id171. Link.
  4. Moulds, Max. (2021). A revision of the endemic Australian cicada genus Jassopsaltria Ashton, 1914 (Cicadidae: Cicadinae: Jassopsaltriini). Australian Entomologist. 48. 217-240. Link.
  5. Moriyama, Minoru & Yasuyama, Kouji & Numata, Hideharu. (2021). The formation of a hatching line in the serosal cuticle confers multifaceted adaptive functions on the eggshell of a cicada. Zoological Letters. 7. 10.1186/s40851-021-00178-8. Link.
  6. Tomita, Kanji. (2021). Camera traps reveal interspecific differences in the diel and seasonal patterns of cicada nymph predation. The Science of Nature. 108. 10.1007/s00114-021-01762-w. Link.
  7. Tian, Lejie & Liu, Hui & Zhang, Beiyi & Liu, Yi & Lv, Siye & Pang, Lingyan & Li, Junqi. (2021). Ni and CeO 2 Nanoparticles Anchored on Cicada-Wing-like Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon as Bifunctional Catalysts for Water Splitting. ACS Applied Nano Materials. 10.1021/acsanm.1c03850. Link.
  8. Sanborn, Allen & Cole, Jeffrey & Stukel, Mark & Lukasik, Piotr & Veloso, Claudio & Gonzalez, Valorie & Karkar, Jessica & Simon, Chris. (2021). Thirteen new species of Chilecicada Sanborn, 2014 (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae: Tibicininae) expand the highly endemic cicada fauna of Chile. Zootaxa. 5078. 1-70. 10.11646/zootaxa.5078.1.1. Link.

November

  1. Kojevnikova, A.. (2021). The Study of Cicadas in the Conditions of the Fergana Valley of Uzbekistan. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis. 04. 10.47191/ijmra/v4-i11-38. Link.
  2. Huang, Ailin & Wu, Tao & Wu, Xiuyun & Zhang, Biao & Shen, Yuanyuan & Wang, Suying & Song, Wenjun & Ruan, Haihua. (2021). Analysis of Internal and External Microorganism Community of Wild Cicada Flowers and Identification of the Predominant Cordyceps cicadae Fungus. Frontiers in microbiology. 12. 752791. 10.3389/fmicb.2021.752791. Link.
  3. Mozaffarian, Fariba. (2021). Cicadas and hoppers as pests of field crops in Iran (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha). Link.
  4. Mukaimine, Wataru & Kawatsu, Kazutaka & Toquenaga, Yukihiko. (2021). Digging out intersexual and meteorological effects on cicada emergence using 10-year citizen monitoring. Ecological Entomology. 10.1111/een.13109. Link.
  5. Poerio, Aurelia & Girardet, Thomas & Petit, Chloé & Fleutot, Solenne & Jehl, Jean-Philippe & Arab-Tehrany, Elmira & Mano, João F. & Cleymand, Franck. (2021). Comparison of the Physicochemical Properties of Chitin Extracted from Cicada orni Sloughs Harvested in Three Different Years and Characterization of the Resulting Chitosan. Applied Sciences. 11. 11278. 10.3390/app112311278. Link.

October

  1. Lee, Young & Mohagan, Alma. (2021). A new species of Oncotympana Stål, 1870 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Oncotympanini) from Negros, Philippines. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity. Link.
  2. Simon, Chris & Cooley, John & Karban, Richard & Sota, Teiji. (2021). Advances in the Evolution and Ecology of 13- and 17-Year Periodical Cicadas. Annual review of entomology. 67. 10.1146/annurev-ento-072121-061108. Link.
  3. Nagata, Nobuaki & Toda, Mamoru & Ohbayashi, Takashi & Hayashi, Masami & Sota, Teiji. (2021). Phylogeography of cicadas on continental and oceanic islands in the northwestern Pacific region. Journal of Biogeography. 48. 10.1111/jbi.14262. Link.
  4. Umam, Rofiqul & Kinarya P, Endah & Yakin, Khusnul & Iqbal, Mochamad & Siregar, Rahmat nawi & Husein, Irzaman. (2021). Intensity level as sustainable energy: Analysis of the conversion of energy stored on cicadas sound waves. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika Al-Biruni. 10. 35-44. 10.24042/jipfalbiruni.v10i2.9798. Link.

September

  1. Moulds, Max & Marshall, D & Popple, Lindsay. (2021). Kimberpsaltriini, a new tribe for a new Australian cicada allied to Talcopsaltria Moulds (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae). Australian Entomologist. 48. 149-160. Link.
  2. Zhang, Lijia & Wang, Siyue & Billen, Johan & Wei, Cong. (2021). Morphology and ultrastructure of the epithelial femoral gland in cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae). Arthropod Structure & Development. 64. 101086. 10.1016/j.asd.2021.101086. Link.
  3. Hajong, Sudhanya & Limatemjen,. (2021). Platylomia kohimaensis n. sp.—a new cicada species (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from the Naga Hills in the Eastern Himalayas. Zootaxa. 5047. 081-091. 10.11646/zootaxa.5047.1.7. Link.
  4. Kalesh, S.. (2021). A new species of Pomponia Stål, 1866 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from the Western Ghats, with notes on the status of P. linearis (Walker, 1850) from southern India. Zootaxa. 5040. 388-403. 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.3.4. Link.
  5. Bator, John & Marshall, David & Hill, Kathy & Cooley, John & Leston, Adam & Simon, Chris. (2021). Phylogeography of the endemic red-tailed cicadas of New Zealand (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Rhodopsalta ), and molecular, morphological and bioacoustical confirmation of the existence of Hudson’s Rhodopsalta microdora. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab065. Link.
  6. Zhang, Lijia & Wang, Siyue & Billen, Johan & Wei, Cong. (2021). Morphology and ultrastructure of the epithelial femoral gland in cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae). Arthropod Structure & Development. 64. 101086. 10.1016/j.asd.2021.101086. Link.
  7. Nguyen, Hoa & Kim, Yuseob & Yikweon, Jang. (2021). De Novo Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Potential Thermal Adaptation Mechanisms in the Cicada Hyalessa fuscata. Animals. 11. 2785. 10.3390/ani11102785. Link.
  8. Qian, Yi & Sun, Xin & Wang, Xin & Yang, Xin & Fan, Mengyao & Zhong, Jiao & Pei, Zejun & Guo, Junping. (2021). Mechanism of Cordyceps Cicadae in Treating Diabetic Nephropathy Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Analysis. Journal of Diabetes Research. 2021. 1-10. 10.1155/2021/5477941. Link.

August

  1. Villet, Martin & Edwards, Shelley. (2021). The cicada genus Tugelana Distant, 1912 (Hemiptera, Cicadidae): phylogenetic position and conservation status. African Invertebrates. 62. 399-410. 10.3897/afrinvertebr.62.66891. Link.
  2. Haji, Diler & Vailionis, Jason & Stukel, Mark & Gordon, Eric & Lemmon, Emily & Lemmon, Alan & McCutcheon, John & Simon, Chris. (2021). Host-associated microbial diversity in New Zealand cicadas uncovers elevational structure and replacement of obligate bacterial endosymbionts by Ophiocordyceps fungal pathogens. 10.1101/2021.08.24.457591. Link.

July

  1. Zhao, Chenchen. (2021). High-throughput sequencing yields a complete mitochondrial genome of the Cryptotympana atrata (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadidae). Mitochondrial DNA Part B. 6. 1883-1885. 10.1080/23802359.2021.1934154. Link.
  2. Pham, Thai & Lee, Young June. (2021). A new genus and species of the subtribe Leptopsaltriina (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Leptopsaltriini) from Vietnam, with a key to the genera of Leptopsaltriina. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology. 10.1016/j.aspen.2021.07.011. Link.
  3. Setyo Budi, Anang & Encilia, Encilia & Qodri, Agmal. (2021). IDENTIFIKASI MORFOMETRI EXUVIA TONGGERET DI KEBUN RAYA BOGOR (MORPHOMETRICS IDENTIFICATION OF CICADA EXUVIAE IN BOGOR BOTANICAL GARDENS). 30. 10.52508/zi.v30i1.3996. Link.
  4. Sousa P, Grosso-Silva JM, Andrade R, Chaves C, Pinto J, Paupério J, Beja P, Ferreira S (2021) The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: DNA barcodes of Portuguese Hemiptera 01. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e65314. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e65314 Link.
  5. Malakoff, David & Stokstad, Erik. (2021). Something is killing U.S. birds. It’s not cicadas. Science. 373. 146-146. 10.1126/science.373.6551.146. Link.
  6. Kojevnikova, Alevtina. (2021). HARMFUL CICADA GENUS EMPOASCA WALSH OF THE FERGANA VALLEY. Universum:Chemistry & biology. 84. 10.32743/UniChem.2021.84.6.11700. Link.
  7. Lao, Thuan & Trinh, Van Hanh & Vuong, Loi & Vu Tien, Luyen & Le, Thuy & Dinh, Hiep & Truong, Nguyen. (2021). Molecular record for the first authentication of Isaria cicadae from Vietnam. Open Life Sciences. 16. 711-718. 10.1515/biol-2021-0074. Link.

June

  1. Escola, João & Guido, Rodrigo & Silva, Ivan & Maccagnan, Douglas & Cardoso, Alexandre & Souza, Uender. (2021). Estado da arte no monitoramento acústico de Cicadidae em lavouras de café: State of the art in acoustic monitoring of Cicadidae in coffee crops. Revista Macambira. 5. e051007. 10.35642/rm.v5i1.562. Link.
  2. Emery, Nathan & Emery, David. (2021). A new cicada species, Haemopsalta eximia (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) from north-western Sydney, Australia. Australian Entomologist. 48. 97. Link.
  3. Sanborn, Allen & Allick, Earl & Apang, Sandee & Castillo, Izyanna & Cruz, Erica & Davis, Theophilus & Duncan, Cory & Fierro, Fanny & Gebaide, Marla & Luke, Abigail & Pacheco, Maria & Paz-Castillo, Daniel & Perez, Laura & Poeck, Ana & Seepersaud, Adrian & Valdes, Carolina. (2021). Flight system morphology and minimum flight temperature in North American cicadas (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadidae). Journal of Thermal Biology. 100. 103004. 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103004. Link.
  4. Pons, Pere & Carbonell-Font, Rafael & Franch, Martí & Lay, Josep & Espejo Fraga, Daniel & Fontelles, Ferran & Funosas, David & Fusellas, Marc & Puig-Gironès, Roger & Tobella, Carles & Franch, Marc. (2021). Diversitat, distribució i fenologia de les cigales (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) a Catalunya (NE Península Iberica) – Diversity, distribution and phenology of cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) in Catalonia (NE Iberian Peninsula) – Butlletí de la Institució Catalana d’Història Natural. 85. 59. 10.2436/20.1502.01.74. Link.
  5. WANG, SIYUE & PENG, XIAODONG & Wei, Cong. (2021). A review of the cicada genus Haphsa Distant, 1905 with the description of one new species from China (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and a phylogenetic analysis of Haphsa and its allies. Zootaxa. 4991. 523-538. 10.11646/zootaxa.4991.3.5. Link.
  6. Li J, Liu H, Wu Y, Ye L, Huang X (2021) A dataset on type specimens of hemipteran insects in China. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e64443. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e64443 Link.
  7. Crespi, Sarah. (2021). Cicada citizen science, and expanding the genetic code. Science. 10.1126/science.abj7361. Link.
  8. Tian, Juanjuan & Zhang, Cangping & Wang, XiaoMeng & Rui, Xin & Zhang, Qiuqin & Chen, Xiaohong & Dong, Mingsheng & Li, Wei. (2021). Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of intracellular polysaccharide from the mycelium of Paecilomyces cicadae TJJ1213. Food Research International. 147. 110515. 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110515. Link.

May

  1. Dandan, Wang & Liu, Yunxiang & Yan, Su & Wei, Cong. (2021). Bacterial Communities in Bacteriomes, Ovaries and Testes of three Geographical Populations of a Sap-Feeding Insect, Platypleura kaempferi (Hemiptera: Cicadidae). Current Microbiology. 78. 10.1007/s00284-021-02435-7. Link.
  2. Cen, Qi-Wen & Wang, Zheng-Yun & Tang, Zhen-Xing & Zhang, Yu & Chen, Tao & Xue, Da-Wei & Xu, Ming-Feng & Bai, Xue-Lian & Zhou, Ting & Shi, Lu-E. (2021). Initial Purification of Antimicrobial Fermentation Metabolites from Paecilomyces cicadae and Its Antimicrobial Mechanism. LWT. 148. 111785. 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111785. Link.
  3. Su, Qihui & Zhang, Zhicai & Liu, Xiaocui & Wang, Feng. (2021). The transcriptome analysis on urea response mechanism in the process of ergosterol synthesis by Cordyceps cicadae. Scientific Reports. 11. 10927. 10.1038/s41598-021-90377-2. Link.
  4. Zeng, Zhaoying & Mou, Dan & Luo, Li & Zhong, Wenlin & Duan, Lin & Xiao, Zou. (2021). Different Cultivation Environments Affect the Yield, Bacterial Community and Metabolites of Cordyceps cicadae. Frontiers in Microbiology. 12. 669785. 10.3389/fmicb.2021.669785. Link.

April

  1. EWART, A. & Moulds, Max. (2021). An impressive new species of Mugadina from Queensland with notes on a congeneric species (Cicadidae: Cicadettinae: Cicadettini). Zootaxa. 4963. 563-576. 10.11646/zootaxa.4963.3.9. Link.
  2. Cooley, John & Marshall, David & Simon, Chris. (2021). Documenting Single-Generation Range Shifts of Periodical Cicada Brood VI (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada spp.). Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 114. 10.1093/aesa/saab007. Link.
  3. Sanborn, Allen. (2021). A new species, genus and tribe of cicada (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae: Tibicininae) from Chile with a list of Chilean cicada fauna. Zootaxa. 4952. 87-100. 10.11646/zootaxa.4952.1.5. Link.
  4. Reid, Graham & McCormack, James & Habimana, Olivier & Bayer, Fabian & Goromonzi, Catherine & Casey, Eoin & Cowley, Aidan & Kelleher, Susan. (2021). Biomimetic Polymer Surfaces by High Resolution Molding of the Wings of Different Cicadas. Materials. 14. 1910. 10.3390/ma14081910. Link.

March

  1. WANG, JIALI & DUFFELS, JOANNES & WEI, CONG. (2021). Description of a new species of the genus Maua Distant (Hemiptera, Cicadidae) from China. Zootaxa. 4949. 582-588. 10.11646/zootaxa.4949.3.8. Link.
  2. Lee, Young June. (2021). A new species of Platypleura Amyot & Audinet-Serville (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Platypleurini) from Mindanao, Philippines. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity. 14. 10.1016/j.japb.2021.03.003. Link.
  3. Cole, Jeffrey. (2021). Bioacoustics of California Cacama Distant, 1904 with the first state record of C. moorei Sanborn & M. Heath, 2011 (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist. 97. 10.3956/2021-97.1.13. Link.
  4. Pham, Thai & Lee, Young June. (2021). A new genus and species of the subtribe Aolina (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Dundubiini) from Vietnam, with discussion on the taxonomic positions of Meimuna-like genera and species groups. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology. 24. 10.1016/j.aspen.2021.02.012. Link.

February

  1. Ruschel, Tatiana & Sanborn, Allen. (2021). Two new genera and species of Fidicinini Distant, 1905 with a re-description of Nosola Stål, 1866 (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadidae). Zootaxa. 4920. 509-527. 10.11646/zootaxa.4920.4.3. Link.
  2. Sanborn, Allen. (2021). The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae) of Madagascar including a new tribe, five new genera, twelve new species, four new species synonymies, five revised species status, ten new combinations, new tribal assignments for four genera, one new subtribe synonymy, a checklist and key to the species Zootaxa. Vol. 4937 No. 1: 24. Link.

January

  1. Thapa, Punam & Katila, Nikita & Choi, Hyukjae & Han, Ah-Reum & Choi, Dong-Young & Nam, Joowon. (2021). Neuroprotective Effects of N-Acetyldopamine Dimers from Cicadidae Periostracum. Link.
  2. Mahmoudikordi, Farzaneh & Balvardi, Mohammad & Akhavan, Hamid-Reza. (2021). Optimization of Ethanol-Assisted Aqueous Oil Extraction from a Cicadidae Sp. 10.1101/2021.01.24.427958. Link.
  3. Sanborn, Allen & Villet, Martin. (2021). A New Species of Buyisa Distant, 1907 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadettinae: Cicadettini) from South Africa. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 123. 10.4289/0013-8797.123.1.199. Link.
  4. Park, Gunhyuk & Moon, Byeong & Ryu, Seung & Kim, Wook & Lim, Hye-Sun. (2021). Cicadidae Periostracum Attenuates Atopic Dermatitis Symptoms and Pathology via the Regulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2021. 1-16. 10.1155/2021/8878153. Link.
  5. Hill, Kathy & Marshall, David & Marathe, Kiran & Moulds, Max & Lee, Young June & Pham, Thai & Mohagan, Alma & Sarkar, Vivek & Price, Benjamin & Duffels, J. & Schouten, Marieke & Boer, Arnold & Kunte, Krushnamegh & Simon, Chris. (2021). The molecular systematics and diversification of a taxonomically unstable group of Asian cicada tribes related to Cicadini Latreille, 1802 (Hemiptera : Cicadidae). Invertebrate Systematics. 35. 10.1071/IS20079. Link.
  6. Allen F. Sanborn “A New Genus and Species of Neotropical Taphurini Distant, 1905 (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae: Cicadettinae) from Brazil with a Note on the Taxonomic Position of Prosotettix Jacobi, 1907,” Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 123(1), 190-198, (29 January 2021). Link.
  7. Sarkar, Vivek & Mahapatra, Cuckoo & Mohapatra, Pratyush & Kunte, Krushnamegh. (2021). Description of three new species of the genus Mata Distant, 1906 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadinae: Oncotympanini) with notes on their natural history from Indian state of Meghalaya, India. Zootaxa. 4908. 1-28. 10.11646/zootaxa.4908.1.1. Link.
  8. Kye, Geunho & Machta, Jonathan & Abbott, Karen & Hastings, Alan & Huffmyer, William & Ji, Fang & Liebhold, Andrew & Blackwood, Julie. (2021). Sharp boundary formation and invasion between spatially adjacent periodical cicada broods. Journal of Theoretical Biology. 515. 110600. 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110600. Link.

October 29, 2021

The next 17 years of periodical cicadas

Filed under: Periodical | Periodical Stragglers — Dan @ 7:48 pm

In 2021, Brood X emerged in Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, North Carolina, New Jersey, New York (not yet extinct), Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, and Washington D.C. But, what about the next 17 years?

Top, Left to Right: cicada egg, freshly hatched nymph, second and third instar nymphs. Bottom, Left to Right: fourth instar nymph, teneral adult, adult. (Photos by Roy Troutman and Elias Bonaros).
Some stages of a Magicicada’s life cycle: Top, Left to Right: cicada egg (Troutman), freshly hatched nymph (Troutman), second and third instar nymphs (Bonaros). Bottom, Left to Right: fourth instar nymph, teneral adult, adult. (Mozgai).

Here’s a list of periodical cicada emergences for the next seventeen years, including Magicicada in the United States, Chremistica ribhoi in India, and Raiateana knowlesi in Fiji.

2022: World Cup World Cup Cicada time

No Magicicada broods will emerge. Possible undocumented spurious broods and stragglers.

The World Cup Cicada, Chremistica ribhoi, will emerge in India. Learn more about Chremistica ribhoi which has a 4-year cycle that synchronizes with the football/soccer World Cup.

2023: the Quiet Year

No Magicicada broods will emerge. Possible undocumented spurious broods and stragglers.

Enjoy your local annual cicada species.

2024: the Big Year

Two Magicicada Broods, Brood XIII and Brood XIX (the Great Southern Brood) will emerge in the United States. Brood XIII has a 17-year cycle and is found in Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin. Brood XIX has a 13-year cycle and is found in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. That’s 19 states of periodical cicadas!

Possible undocumented spurious broods and stragglers elsewhere as well.

2025: Brood XIV and the Nanai in Fiji

17-year Magicicada Brood XIV will emerge is found in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia.

Possible undocumented spurious Magicicada broods and stragglers elsewhere as well. Most likely 4-year precursors from Brood I.

A periodical cicada with an 8-year cycle will emerge in Fiji: the Nanai aka Raiateana knowlesi.

2026: Stragglers and World Cup

Some 4-year precursors/stragglers from Brood II, will “make a buzz” in the news as Brood II emerges in heavily populated areas of New Jersey and Staten Island New York. Possible undocumented spurious Magicicada broods and stragglers elsewhere as well.

The World Cup Cicada, Chremistica ribhoi, will emerge in India again. Learn more about Chremistica ribhoi. World Cup

2027: super-cool Brood 22

13-year Magicicada Brood XXII will emerge in Ohio, Kentucky, Lousiana, and Mississippi.

Some Brood III straggersvwill emerge in Iowa, Illinois, and Missouri. Possible undocumented spurious Magicicada broods and stragglers elsewhere as well.

2028: The Mississippi Valley Brood

13-year Magicicada Brood XXIII, the Mississippi Valley Brood, will emerge in Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Lousiana, Missouri, Mississippi, and Tennessee.

Some Brood IV stragglers will emerge in Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas.

2029: The Shenandoah Valley Brood

17-year Magicicada Brood I, aka the Shenandoah Valley Brood, will emerge in Tennesee, Virginia, and West Virginia.

Some Brood V stragglers will emerge in Long Island, New York, western Maryland, eastern Ohio, western Pennsylvania, most of West Virginia, and northern Virginia. Possible undocumented spurious broods and stragglers elsewhere.

2030: The Lesser Eastern Brood

17-year Magicicada Brood II, the Lesser Eastern Brood, will emerge in Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Oklahoma, Pennslyvania, and Virginia. This brood gets a lot of attention because it emerges in heavily-populated New Jersey and Staten Island New York.

Some Brood VI stragglers will emerge in Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Oklahoma and Ohio. Possible undocumented spurious broods and stragglers elsewhere.

The World Cup Cicada, Chremistica ribhoi, will emerge in India. World Cup

2031: The Iowan Brood

17-year Magicicada Brood III, the Iowan Brood, will emerge in Iowa, Illnois, and Missouri.

Some Brood VII stragglers will emerge in Onondaga County, New York. Possible undocumented spurious broods and stragglers elsewhere.

2032: The Kansan Brood

17-year Magicicada Brood IV, the Kansan Brood, will emerge in Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas.

Some Brood VIII stragglers will emerge in eastern Ohio, western Pennsylvania, Hancock county West Virginia, and part of Oklahoma. Possible undocumented spurious broods and stragglers elsewhere.

2033: fantastic Brood 5 and the Nanai.

17-year Magicicada Brood V will emerge in Long Island, New York, western Maryland, eastern Ohio, western Pennsylvania, most of West Virginia, and northern Virginia.

Some Brood IX stragglers will emerge in North Carolina, Virginia and West Virginia. Possible undocumented spurious broods and stragglers elsewhere.

The Nanai aka Raiateana knowlesi will emerge in Fiji.

2034: splendid Brood 6, some Brood 10 stragglers, and the World Cup Cicada

17-year Magicicada Brood VI will emerge in Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Oklahoma, Ohio, and maybe New York (and maybe Oklahoma).

Some Brood X stragglers will emerge, typically in areas with dense populations like Princeton, NJ. Possible undocumented spurious broods and stragglers elsewhere.

The World Cup Cicada, Chremistica ribhoi, will emerge in India. World Cup

Dan is 65 and can retire. But retire from Cicadas?! Never!

2035: The Onondaga Brood

17-year Magicicada Brood VII will emerge in Onondaga County, New York.

Possible undocumented spurious broods and stragglers elsewhere.

2036: great Brood 8

17-year Magicicada Brood VIII will emerge in eastern Ohio, western Pennsylvania, Hancock county West Virginia, and part of Oklahoma.

Possible undocumented spurious broods and stragglers elsewhere.

2037: Brood 9, Brood 19 and some Brood 13 stragglers

17-year Magicicada Brood IX will emerge in North Carolina, Virginia and West Virginia.

Brood XIX has a 13-year cycle and is found in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia.

Some Brood XIII stragglers will emerge in Iowa, Wisconsin, Illinois and Indiana. Possible undocumented spurious broods and stragglers elsewhere.

2038: the Great Eastern Brood X is Back!

17-year Magicicada Brood X cicadas will emerge in Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, North Carolina, New Jersey, New York (not yet extinct), Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, and Washington D.C.

Some Brood XIV stragglers will emerge 4 years early in Georgia, Kentucky, Indiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. Possible undocumented spurious broods and stragglers elsewhere.

The World Cup Cicada, Chremistica ribhoi, will emerge in India. World Cup.

October 27, 2021

Cicadas of southern Africa: An illustrated guide to known species by R.D. Stephen

Filed under: Africa (Continent) | Botswana | Lesotho | Namibia | South Africa | Zimbabwe — Dan @ 4:50 pm

It isn’t often we get a single cicada publication as complete and awesome as Cicadas of southern Africa: An illustrated guide to known species by R.D. Stephen. The document is 224 pages long and includes color photos of dozens of cicadas with maps & text descriptions.

R.D. Stephen's Cicadas of southern Africa

Thanks to beetledude in iNaturalist and David Emery for letting me know.

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